白酒中Mn的FAAS测定方法的进一步研究

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）测定白酒中的金属元素Mn的含量，对白酒类分析样品的前处理方法做进一步改进，测定方法简单，精密度和灵敏度高，样品测定的相对标准偏差在0．44％～1．87％，回收率达98．5％～102．4％。     

Effect of 15(S)-hydroxyeicosate traenoic acid (15-HETE) on eNOS Thr495 phosphorylation in pulmonary artery endothelial cells

AIM: To examine the effect of 15(S)-hydroxyeicosate traenoic acid (15-HETE) on eNOS activity in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs).METHODS: 1.Rat pulmonary artery (PA) rings of intrapulmonary arteries were suspended under isometric tension in oxygenated Krebs buffer in order to observe the differences on constriction induced by 15-HETE using nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10-4 mol/L, an inhibitor of eNOS) and removal of endothelium.2.The bovine PAECs was cultured for NO assay by Greiss reaction.3.Immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blotting (WB) were used to analyze the cell extracts from bovine PAECs treated with 2×10-6 mol/L 15-HETE for 30 and 60 min, using phosphatase-eNOS (Thr495) antibody for IP and eNOS antibody for WB.RESULTS: 1.Inhibition of eNOS with L-NAME and removal of endothelium significantly enhanced 15-HETE induced contractions in rat PA rings in a concentration-dependent manner (P＜0.05, P＜0.01).2.15-HETE increased phospho-eNOS (Thr495) levels (P＜0.01) in cultured bovine PAECs.3.10-6 mol/L 15-HETE (P＜0.05) did significantly reduce nitrite production, whereas 10-5 mol/L cinnamy l 3, 4-dihydroxy-［alpha］-cyanocinnamate (CDC, P＜0.05), 10-4 mol/L nordihydroguiairetic acid (NDGA, P＜0.01) significantly increased nitrite production, as measured by a spectrophotometric assay.CONCLUSION: 15-HETE inhibits eNOS activity and decreases production of NO (NO-2/NO-3).The pathway of eNOS/NO is involved in 15-HETE-induced contraction in the rat PA.     

培养液NO-3/NH+4比对甜菜幼苗NO-3、NH+4 吸收特性的影响

采用标准偏高糖型甜研7号与标准偏丰产型甜研8号2个二倍体纯系品种及水培方法，研究了子叶期（11d）甜菜对NO3^-和NH4^＋的吸收特性以及不同NO3^-／NH4^＋比对苗期（31d）甜菜吸收特性的影响。发现了子叶期甜研7号较甜研8号对NH4^＋有较大的Vmax,有利于NH4^＋的吸收。低NH4^＋浓度比促进甜菜对N03的吸收。而且甜研7号受到的影响相对大于甜研8号。不同NO3^-／NH4^＋也影响甜菜对NH4^＋的吸收速率，2品种所受的影响并不相同。2品种遗传特性不同导致了甜研7号对NH4^＋的吸收较甜研8号敏感。高浓度NH4^＋的存在促进了甜研7号与甜研8号对NH4^＋的吸收。说明可以通过调节甜菜对NO3^-与NH4^＋的吸收与同化关系来调控甜菜的氮代谢，以提高甜菜的产量与质量。     

马铃薯卷叶病毒外壳蛋白基因克隆转化 及其转基因后代的表达

根据GenBank中的马铃薯卷叶病外壳蛋白基因(PLRV-CP)全序列，设计一对特异性引物，以马铃薯卷叶病毒RNA为模板，克隆了马铃薯卷叶病外壳蛋白基因，在pBI121的基础上构建了植物表达载体。利用PLO(Poly-L-Ornithine)将PLRV-CP基因导入到马铃薯加工型品种大西洋的原生质体中，获得了转基因后代。在5株转化后代中扩增出长度为610bp的目标DNA片断，说明导入的外源PLRV-CP基因已经整合到马铃薯基因组中。Southern blot分析结果进一步证明了PCR结果的正确性。RT-PCR结果表明，在3株转化后代叶片中具有阳性表达。马铃薯卷叶病毒接种实验结果表明，转基因植株比对照有明显的马铃薯卷叶病抗性     

Carbon and nitrogen allocation and grain filling in three maize hybrids differing in leaf senescence

Between flowering and maturity, leaf senescence reduces green leaf area while grains are filled from photosynthesis, nitrogen (N) uptake by roots and remobilisation from shoots. The question arises of possible effects of leaf senescence on photosynthesis, N uptake and remobilisation and their modification through genetic variations in senescence. To address this question, we compared three cultivars showing different behaviours. Tarro and Nicco are two modern hybrids presenting the same important grain sink but showing different time course of senescence, the former being normally senescent the latter “stay-green”. Déa hybrid, very well known by many previous experiments was the reference hybrid.The purpose was to monitor precisely the carbon (C) and N repartition in the main organs of the plant in connection with the progress of leaf senescence (experiment 1) and to measure the changes created by variations of N supply and soil-climate conditions (experiment 2).In experiment 1, time course of leaf senescence of the different leaf stages and weight of leaves, shoots and grains and N concentration of shoots and grain were measured weekly. In experiment 2, the same three cultivars were grown at limiting and non-limiting N supply in four locations in France during 2 years. At flowering, silage and harvest stage, dry matter and N concentration were measured in the main parts of the plant, and leaf senescence was evaluated at silage stage.On soil well supplied with N, Tarro had an identical rate of leaf senescence than Nicco for leaves below the ear, but higher for leaves above the ear. After flowering, Nicco accumulated more biomass than Tarro, but kept a larger part of this total biomass in the stem. In contrast, Tarro accumulated a larger part of total biomass in the grain.After flowering, N uptake was larger in Nicco than Tarro. Shoot N concentration decreased earlier and more completely in Tarro than Nicco, indicating a larger remobilisation to the grain. Though Tarro began and finished grain filling simultaneously with Nicco, it reached 70% of final grain weight 25 °C d sooner than Nicco.The senescence due to N stress differed from the physiological senescence of a senescent hybrid. The time course of the reproductive phase and the N repartition in the plant suggest that a threshold in grain filling or in shoot nitrogen decrease could be the internal signal triggering senescence of uppermost leaves.     

向日葵病程相关蛋白HaPR1基因的克隆与功能研究

病程相关蛋白(pathogenesis-related proteins)经常被用作植物抗病反应的分子标记。本文在核盘菌诱导向日葵转录组文库的基础上克隆1个病程相关蛋白1基因HaPR1的cDNA全长序列,并进行了表达模式和功能分析。结果表明, 该基因cDNA全长开放阅读框为489 bp,编码162个氨基酸,分子量为17.52 kD,等电点为8.19,具有6个保守半胱氨酸,4个保守的allergen V5/Tpx-1结构域,GenBank登录号为KR071874。经比较HaPR1与多种物种PR1高度同源。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,HaPR1相对表达量在向日葵叶中最高,根中其次,茎中最低。干旱、盐、草酸、核盘菌及其代谢物均可显著诱导其表达。利用农杆菌介导法将该基因导入烟草,提高了转基因株系对核盘菌的抗性。对抗性株系烟草防御酶活性及丙二醛含量测定发现转基因烟草叶片在核盘菌胁迫下显著提高了SOD、POD和CAT活性,降低了MDA含量。初步推断HaPR1具有抗核盘菌的功能。     

FSY30型林木枝丫切碎机试验分析

FSY30型林木枝丫切碎机是林区林木剩余物碎化处理的专用设备,该机采用圆盘式切碎装置,结构简单实用,解决了我国现有林木剩余物碎化处理设备野外作业性能差、切削效率低和原料适应面窄等问题,为我国林区人工林迹地整理更新、抚育和采伐等作业产生的各种林木剩余物碎化处理提供了适用的设备。该机性能和生产试验结果表明：其作业效率比现有机型提高20%以上,作业成本减少15%以上,具有显著的经济效益和一定的生态效益。     

基于3S的森林资源消长数据采集与更新系统设计

3S技术是近年来迅速发展起来的空间信息科学技术,将其应用于森林资源采集与更新数字化管理系统可以大大提高林业生产效率,提高经营决策的科学性,可作为生态管理和环境保护的新方法加以应用,实现林业的可持续发展。介绍了数字林业架构中数据采集与更新系统的研究与应用,阐述了应用本系统对传统森林经营管理模式的优化及改造效果。     

我国营林机械的发展(三)——抚育机械设备

介绍了抚育机械设备的主要种类及其发展,分析了各种机械的特点及适用场合。     

播种机组纯作业时间利用率与地块条件的匹配模型与试验

机械化播种作业是现代农业生产的重要环节,纯作业时间利用率是衡量播种机组作业效率的重要指标。该研究依据农业机组运行机理,在调查研究的基础上,提出季节时间利用率概念,确定了播种机组的作业时间构成,建立了播种机组纯作业时间、转弯时间、加种肥时间的计算模型和3种加肥方式下的播种机组纯作业时间利用率计算模型,明确各参数随地块面积、地块长度等条件变化的一般规律;以此为基础,在机组正常作业状态下,采用定距离多点多设备同步跟踪测的试验方法获取4种典型播种机组各类作业时间数据,并运用3σ原理剔除无效数据;依据所建模型及有效试验数据,采用Matlab 2012b对4种播种机组的纯作业时间利用率随地块条件变化规律进行模拟仿真,并采用Sigmaplot 12.5软件直观表达试验结果;进而探索了播种机组纯作业时间利用率随地块条件化的原因,确定了目标时间利用率条件下不同播种机组与其所适宜的作业地块面积和地块长度的定量关系:播种机组纯作业时间利用率大于0.6时,约翰迪尔7830机组适合作业地块面积大于等于6 hm^2、地块长度为1 200~1 400 m;维美德171机组适宜作业地块面积大于等于6 hm^2、地块长度为1 000~1 200 m;常发504机组适合作业的地块面积大于等于1 hm^2、地块长度为500~1 500 m;黄海254机组适合作业的地块面积大于等于0.3 hm^2、地块长度200~1 500 m。研究成果可为不同地块条件的播种机组选型提供定量依据。